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The Washington Department of Revenue (Department) determined that an out-of-state mail order retailer (Taxpayer) had substantial nexus with the state based on the activities of an in-state affiliate (Affiliate), and therefore, upheld an assessment of business and occupation tax (B&O Tax) and sales tax. Determination No. 10-0057 (released Dec. 20, 2011). The Taxpayer sold tangible…

The California State Board of Equalization (BOE) has provided guidance regarding the application of sales and use tax to purchases of tangible property from retailers using certificates such as Groupon or LivingSocial coupons. Special Notice L-297, California State Board of Equalization (Nov. 2011). In particular, the BOE addressed transactions in which retailers contract with Internet-based…

Businesses that sell video games and related content online and by remote access have been pondering an essential sales and use taxability question: What is the proper characterization of the goods and services being sold? Although downloaded video games have long been thought to be a form of prewritten computer software, businesses that sell related subscription services, virtual goods, and virtual currencies have enjoyed much less tax certainty.

Two states have weighed in on this issue in recent months. Kansas and Missouri issued letter rulings addressing the tax issues that arise in the gaming environment. Although the states’ guidance is not entirely consistent, gaming companies may welcome any move toward improved tax clarity in the virtual gaming business.Continue Reading Virtual Chaos: Two States Log In to the Online Gaming Arena

The District of Columbia passed—subject to congressional oversight—tax legislation that ultimately may affect sales and use tax nexus standards throughout the United States. The District of Columbia’s Main Street Tax Fairness Act, which is part of its fiscal 2012 budget, authorizes the District to enforce sales tax on non-physically present sellers under certain circumstances.

In what is surely a sign of more good things to come, Colorado repealed its short-lived sales tax on “standardized” (canned) software other than canned software delivered by tangible storage medium. The legislation, House Bill 1293, statutorily reinstates Special Regulation 7 by exempting software delivered or accessed by application service providers (ASP), electronic delivery…

With all the drama and suspense of a Hollywood movie, California Governor Jerry Brown signed AB X1 28 on June 29—more than two weeks after the bill originally passed the California legislature. AB X1 28 has been controversial because it significantly expands California’s sales and use tax collection requirements by substantially incorporating all of the provisions of former AB 153 (click-through nexus), AB 155 (affiliate nexus), and SB 234 (constitutional nexus). Together, these changes combine California’s recent efforts to force remote sellers to collect California sales tax. To further complicate matters, AB X1 28 provides that these changes become effective immediately.

AB X1 28 amends California’s definition of “retailer engaged in business” for sales and use tax collection purposes, as set forth in Cal. Rev. & Tax Code § 6203, to include three new groups of “retailers” as follows.Continue Reading Nexus Explosion: California Governor Signs Bill Expanding California Sales Tax Collection Requirements

Georgia’s grand experiment to comprehensively rewrite its state tax code came to an anti-climactic halt on April 11, 2011, when the Georgia House of Representatives adjourned without taking up the tax reform bill. In its final form, the bill was unable to withstand a substantial political attack with uncertainty as to the net revenue impact of the bill and whether changes in the personal income tax calculation would create a tax increase on the middle class.

The 10-month tax reform saga began in June 2010, with legislation creating the Special Council on Tax Reform and Fairness for Georgians (the Council), which issued a comprehensive report on January 7, 2011, generally recommending a transition from income taxes to more broad-based consumption taxes. (See Sutherland’s January 10, 2011 Legal Alert for detailed coverage of the Council’s report). The original tax reform bill, H.B. 385, was originally introduced to the Special Joint Committee on Georgia Revenue Structure (the Joint Committee) mirroring the recommendations of the Council and intending to be revenue neutral.Continue Reading Peach State Politics: Georgia Tax Reform Effort Dies on the Vine

The U.S. Supreme Court reversed a U.S. Court of Appeals in holding that a railroad may bring suit to challenge the validity of a discriminatory Alabama sales tax exemption. CSX Transp., Inc. v. Ala. Dep’t of Revenue, No. 09-520, 2011 WL 588790 (U.S. Feb. 22, 2011). Alabama imposes its sales and use tax on the use of diesel fuel for off-road use, including fuel used by railroads, but provides exemptions for fuel used by railroads’ direct competitors, commercial truckers and interstate water carriers. CSX sued to challenge the discriminatory scheme under the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (4-R Act).Continue Reading Discrimination Train Has Left the Station: U.S. Supreme Court Remands Alabama Railroad Case