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On March 28, 2013, the New York State Legislature passed budget legislation (S.2609D/A.3009D) that replaces the existing New York State and City related-party royalty add-back requirements with provisions based on the Multistate Tax Commission’s model add-back statute. In addition, the legislation repeals the New York State and City royalty income exclusions, which permitted taxpayers to…

By Sahang-Hee Hahn and Prentiss Willson

The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance ruled in an Advisory Opinion that a Virginia corporation was subject to New York corporation franchise tax because it hired independent contractors to store its consigned inventory and to solicit orders from and deliver products to New York customers. In…

By Jessica Kerner and Pilar Mata

In an Advisory Opinion, the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance held that a taxpayer developing a data center for Internet services is eligible for the State’s sales and use tax exemption pertaining to Internet data centers. In order to qualify for the exemption, the tangible…

We recently launched the Sutherland SALT Digital Economy Forum, which provides comprehensive state tax resources regarding the taxation of the digital economy. Following is a summary of recent digital economy administrative guidance, noteworthy cases and legislation. If you would like to learn more about the Sutherland SALT Digital Economy Forum or any of the issues covered here, please contact us.

Sales, Use and Other Transaction Taxes

Administrative Guidance

  • Massachusetts Soliciting Comments on Software Directive. On February 7, the Massachusetts Department of Revenue issued a draft directive that addresses the application of the Massachusetts sales and use tax to sales of software and computer-related services.
  • Wisconsin Updates Guidance Regarding the Sales and Use Tax Treatment of Computer Hardware, Software, and Services; Addresses Cloud Computing. On January 25, 2013, the Wisconsin Department of Revenue (DOR) updated its software guidance for sales occurring on and after October 1, 2009. While the taxability conclusions and destination-based sourcing regime remain largely unchanged, the DOR expressly addressed software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
  • Missouri DOR: Computer Software May Not Be Eligible for Manufacturing Exemption. The Missouri Department of Revenue (DOR) recently determined that a company’s software programs were not eligible for the manufacturing equipment exemptions from sales and use tax because the software was not directly used in the manufacturing process.

Continue Reading Digital Economy Update: Administrative Guidance, Noteworthy Cases and Legislation

The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (Department) issued a pair of advisory opinions regarding the sales taxability of consulting services and software. New York’s Tax Law generally imposes sales and use tax on receipts for furnishing information services. N.Y. Tax Law § 1105(c)(1). However, in both advisory opinions, the primary transactions were not subject to New York sales tax because they were within the exception for personalized information services and information services provided orally. See 20 NYCRR § 527.3(b)(2) & (3).Continue Reading Software in Conjunction with Information Services: What’s Your Function?

In an interesting move that will make the New York State Advisory Opinion process more transparent, the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance has established a new process that will allow interested parties to comment on pending Advisory Opinions. When the Department receives a request for an Advisory Opinion, the Department will post…

In a reminder that there are limits on the retroactive application of tax laws, a California Superior Court rejected the Franchise Tax Board’s attempt to impose retroactive penalties on a tax shelter promoter. Quellos Fin. Advisors, LLC v. Franchise Tax Bd., Case No. CGC-09-487540 (San Francisco Super. Ct., Tentative Statement of Decision, Oct. 31, 2011).

Quellos was promoting the allegedly abusive tax shelter in 2001. California law tied the amount of the applicable penalty to that in I.R.C. § 6700, which established a maximum penalty of $1,000. Cal. Rev. & Tax Cd. § 19177. In 2003, California amended section 19177 to substantially increase the promoter penalty from $1,000 to 50% of the income derived by the promoter from the tax shelter promotion activity. The FTB assessed the 50% promoter penalty against Quellos in November 2009 for its promotion activities alleged to have occurred in 2001. Quellos argued that the pre-2003 law imposed a maximum penalty of $1,000 and the 2003 amendment could not be applied retroactively to Quellos’s 2001 activities.Continue Reading Promoter Finds Shelter in California Court: Court Rejects FTB’s Retroactive Imposition of Tax Shelter Promoter Penalty

The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (Department) provided another example of its longstanding eagerness to force taxpayer combination—at least in cases where it results in increased tax revenue. In the Matter of Kellwood Co., No. 820915 (N.Y. Tax App. Trib. Sept. 22, 2011).

The Department (or taxpayer) must prove three elements to require a combined report: 

  1. Sufficient ownership 
  2. Existence of a unitary business 
  3. Distortion

Continue Reading New York Attempts to Take Taxpayer Out Behind the (Kell)Woodshed

The New York State Department of Taxation and Finance (the Department) recently released an advisory opinion analyzing the proper characterization and sourcing of various revenue streams derived from the facilitation of online trading activities. Petition No. C080222A, TSB-A-11(8)C (July 12, 2011).  Relying on our old friends, Deloitte & Touche, LLP, TSB-A-02(3)C (Apr. 18, 2002); Ins. Servs. Offices, Inc., TSB-A-99(16)C (Apr. 7, 1999); and New York Merchantile Exch., TSB-A-00(15)C (Apr. 18, 2002), the opinion represents the Department’s growing trend to expand the category of “other business receipts,” to source receipts on a market rather than on a cost-of-performance basis.

In the opinion, the Parent is a Delaware corporation headquartered in New York. It owns and operates an Internet-based platform (Exchange) that serves as a marketplace for over-the-counter (OTC) global futures markets. Although the Parent is not a registered broker-dealer, the Exchange serves as a marketplace for buyers and sellers of certain commodities contracts, financial contracts, and other derivatives contracts in futures and OTCs to meet and execute trades on a real-time basis. All of the Parent’s property and equipment associated with the Exchange is located outside of New York, and all of the clearing administration for the OTC is performed outside of New York. In addition to the Parent’s activities, its affiliates generate receipts from various transactions, including open outcry trading, digital auction, flat monthly subscriptions, and trades executed with the assistance of interdealer brokers.Continue Reading The Big Apple Goes to the Market for Online Trading Revenue